Legitimate power is the power that originates from a person position in the managerial hierarchy and the authority vested in that position. In this case, power is legitimate power since it is conferred him to the institution - Railways

Ego Strength is a personality variable which influences the strength of a person's convictions. Individuals with high ego strength believe and do what they think is right. Managers with high EGO strength show consistency in their moral actions and moral judgements, unlike Managers with a low who strength,

The preference or utility theory is based on the belief that risk varies according to individual attitudes. Risk averters are people who are willing to take only smaller risks than others. Managers tend to be risk averters when the stakes are high. Depending on their situations, people act as risk averters or gamblers. Managers tend to be gamblers when the stakes are low.

Organizations opt for downsizing or restructuring to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their workforce. They reduce the size of the workforce, significantly decrease the layers of middle management and increase the span of the control.

Hiring metrics are an essential part of a data-driven hiring and recruitment analytics which include and not limited to *Time to fill *Time to hire *Source of hire *First-year attrition *Quality of hire *Candidate job satisfaction *Hiring Manager satisfaction *Applicants per opening *Selection ratio *Cost per hire *Candidate experience *Offer acceptance rate * % of open positions *Application completion rate *Recruitment funnel effectiveness *Sourcing channel effectiveness Sourcing channel cost Cost of getting to Optimum Productivity Level (OPL) Time to productivity

Principal employer/Director is not liable to face criminal trial under Section 21 (1) (iv) (c) for the accident which has taken place due to negligence of the employee himself. There would be no criminal office if the safety measures are not provided by the employer in case the same is not mandatory. Sri Aristides Protonotarios (Major) and Another vs. the State of Karnataka. 2019 LLR 1215 (Kar. H.C.)

Plea of management that workman himself abandoned his job is not sustainable if the management did not held enquiry to establish abandonment on the part of the workman Refer case - M/s. Design Decisions INC vs. Yogesh Arora. 2019 LLR 1191 (Delhi H.C.) If management had not informed the workman of unauthorized absence and not called to report for duty by writing letters, abandonment cannot be presumed. If the management fails to prove the plea of abandonment, it will be a case of illegal retrenchment because of compliance of provisions of Section 25-F of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 would be absent. Max Flow Pumps India (P) Ltd. vs. Presiding Officer, Industrial Tribunal-cum-Labour Court-III, Gurugram and Anr. 2019 LLR 1209 (P&H H.C.)

The task force is generally used when a difficult situation arises in a particular department. Team is a group of people in an organization, who can be located in different areas or locations, but are connected through different technologies of communication. The team is a permanent task force.

Resources can be used efficiently, since experts and equipment can be shared across projects.

Isomorphism is a similarity of the processes or structure of one organization to those of another, be it the result of imitation or independent development under similar constraints. There are three main types of institutional isomorphism: normative, coercive and mimetic.

Role ambiguity occurs when people are unclear or uncertain about their expectations within a specific role, typically their role in the job or workplace. Role ambiguity arises when the definition of a person's job is vague or ill-defined.

Embracing Negative Emotions Actually Has a Positive Impact They can all lead to stress and are often seen as emotions to be avoided, ignored, or in other ways disavowed, but they can actually be healthy for us to experience as well. Emotions are data that can inform your behaviour - understand them before you react.